Lecture notes
Women, Youth and Jews in Nazi Germany
These are comprehensive notes about the treatment of women, youth and Jews in Nazi Germany
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7. Women, Youth and Racial policies Volksgemeinschaft meant a new unified community based on blood and race, sharing a
common world view or philosophy
Members of this national community would be Aryan, genetically healthy, socially useful and
politically committed to the regime
YOUTH
Nazis used 2 major institutions to achieve their aims: school system and youth groups
The Nazis hoped that the influence of such institutions would predominate over the
traditional and possibly hostile influences of parents and the Church
The Hitler Youth focused on offering fun and action to the young, but this was backed up by
intimidation to persuade members to conform to all the state’s demands
It organised a variety of activities such as camps, sports and military training
In 1933, all other youth institutions, except those controlled by the Catholic Church and
protected by the Concordat, were taken over by the Hitler youth
After 1936, all other youth organisations were banned
Although membership of the Hitler Youth became compulsory, many managed to avoid it,
particularly after they left school, which many did at 14
In addition, some rival groups emerged which the authorities failed to supress
Arguably, as membership became more widespread, the Hitler Youth became less successful
because it completed less committed young people and there developed an increasing stress
on military preparation at the expense of other, more popular activities
EDUCATION
Bernhard Rust, the Nazi Education Minister stated in ‘Education and Instruction (official
manual for teachers), “The chief purpose of Education is to train human beings to realise that
the State is more important than the individual, that individuals must be willing to sacrifice
themselves for Nation and Furher”
Nazi strategy on education had a number of strands
Initially concerned to exercise greater control over schools
Regulations were issued co-ordinating teachers and encouraged local Nazi officials to
interfere in schools
Many teachers were sympathetic to the Nazis and by 1936 over 30% of teachers had
voluntarily joined the Nazi Party
To ensure that all teachers followed the party line, they were pressurised into joining the
National Socialist Teachers League
By 1937, 97% had done so
Members had to attend 1 month training courses, stressing Nazi ideology and physical
education and by 1938, 2/3 had attended
Local Nazi officials kept records on individual teachers and those who were insufficiently
committed to National Socialism were dismissed
The other major strategy the Nazi used was to change the curriculum
Greater stress was put on physical exercise which by 1936 took up at least 2 hours a day
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