Summary

Summary on induction

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Module
FIL 155 (FIL155)

Institution
University Of Pretoria (UP)

A brief summary of induction

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Uploaded on March 9, 2019
Number of pages 2
Written in 2018/2019
Type Summary

induction

Institution
University of Pretoria (UP)
Module
FIL 155 (FIL155)

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6 items

1. Summary - Summary on personalised medicine
2. Summary - Summary on inductive risk
3. Summary - Summary on causation
4. Summary - Summary on disease and effectiveness
5. Summary - Summary on falsificatio
6. Summary - Summary on induction
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Fil 155

Terms Definitions

Deductive statements Statements that are supported by
general claims, such that if the
supporting statements are true, then the
conclusion must be true (is necessarily
true).

Examples All men are mortal. Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
[All Ps are R. S is a P. Therefore, S is a
R.]
If the cat is on the mat, then the cat is
asleep. The cat is not asleep. Therefore,
the cat is not on the mat.
[If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P.]
All Xs are Ys. All Ys are Zs. Therefore, all
Xs are Zs.

Inductive statements Statements that are supported by many
particular observations, such that if the
supporting observations are true, then
the conclusion is probably true.

Examples Swan A is white. Swan B is white… Swan
GF298 is white. Therefore, all swans are
white.
The sun has always risen in the morning.
So I’m pretty sure it will rise again
tomorrow.

Propositions about relations of ideas Propositions about relations of ideas are
seen to be true by virtue of the concepts
in the statement.

Examples Bachelors are unmarried. iPads are
tablets. 2 + 3 = 5 Triangles have three
sides. Sick people aren’t healthy.

Propositions of matters of fact Propositions about matters of fact, on
the other hand, tell us something about
the world that goes beyond the concepts
involved.
Examples
Kilamanjaro is the tallest mountain in
Africa. My car is black. A US dollar
costs R11.94 The Roman siege of
Jerusalem ended in 70AD. Metals
expand when heated.

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