Summary
Summary Contemporary Urban Environments AQA A level Mumbai case study
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AQA A level Geography Mumbai case study poster
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MUMBAIMumbai is a megacity on the west coast of India. Mumbai is SOCIAL AND
globally important - it is a major port on the Indian Ocean, India’s
financial centre and a hub if industry and services. The city is
ECONOMIC ISSUES
More than 1/2 population live in
also a cultural centre e.g. its home to the Bollywood movie
slums (cover large areas of the city -
industry. Migrants from rural areas of India have moved to
living conditions are poor, cramped
Mumbai in search of jobs. The population of Mumbai increased
homes and poorly built, often
from 5.9 million in 1971 to 20.7 million in 2016.
without water supply or sanitation.
Tectonic hazards: Over a 1/4 of India’s millionaires live
in Mumbai. The urban rich live close
It is located in a seismically active area so
to Mumbais CBD, usually in high rise
it is at risk of earthquakes (quite rare).
apartments. Some of the richest
Earthquakes can cause tsunamis - Mumbai lack of toilets
districts e.g. Bandra have shopping
is low-lying so a tsunami could cause - risk to
health centres, restaurants, and private
extensive damage.
hospitals.
Flooding risk: There are inequalities in education -
India has a monsoon climate - a long dry season followed by literacy rate is 60% in the slums and
intense rainfall. An average precipitation in July is 960 mm. Five 90% in the city, and
rivers flow through Mumbai. Theres limited room so new are lower for women
developments have been built on floodplains. In July 2005, than men.
monsoon rains caused Mithi River to overflow- the flood killed
There are few opportunities for
400 and left thousands homeless. Flooding of drainage systems
women in slums. Some resort to
cause water contamination and spread waterborne diseases
prostitution, leading to higher rates
Most slums lack sanitation - causing water of HIV.
population. Contaminated water spreads Around 30% of slum residents have
disease, and reduces local fish populations. access to public healthcare.
millions of The water supply is dependant on monsoon Outbreaks of disease e.g. malaria
car on the seasons, so water is rationed in the dry. are common. Infant mortality rate is
road daily - Economic growth has led to the construction relatively high (26 deaths by 1000).
air of factories, increasing the vehicles on the
pollution There had been an influx in African
road by 450 every day. The increasing
migrants. Many have experienced
population creates more waste. HIV/AIDS
In the racial discrimination - struggle to
rates have increased, increasing pressure on
Chembar, find formal jobs or rent apartments,
healthcare and discrimination.
waste on open so are forced to live in the slums.
rubbish dumps A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
is burnt, adding In 2004, the government announced a redevelopment project - clear the slum and
to air pollution. build apartments, water and sewage systems, hospitals and schools. Some slum
This has health residents object this - its an establishing community with successful industries -
impacts on destroy livelihoods and community spirt. The local authority had made rainwater
locals - 25% of harvesting systems compulsory in al new residential buildings in Mumbai with a plot
deaths there larger than 300m2. However since 2007 only have has complied. In 2011 the World
between 2008 Bank provided $1 billion funding for public transport, however, many families had to
and 2010 were relocate to make room for the new roads. Clean up Mumbai campaign educates
due to locals on how to recycle and dispose of waste. The national AIDS control
respiratory organisation runs condom promotion campaigns and its now illegal to discriminate
problems. against others with HIV/AIDS.
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