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Summary Contemporary Urban Environments AQA A level Birmingham case study
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AQA A level Geography Contemporary Urban Environments Birmingham case study poster
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By: Rhodothamnus_Canthigaster.jactator • 6 year ago
Another great case study thanks, they are really nicely laid out as well!!! :)
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BIRMINGHAMIt is a city in central England. It is a political, social and economic
hub. In the 19th century, the growth of metalworking and heavy
industry caused a boom in population and economic growth. The
decline of the metalworking industries (deindustrialisation) led to
During the
unemployment, poverty and dereliction. Urban regeneration 1970s and 80s it
programmes have helped to redevelop Birmingham’s city centre, suffered
however it still suffers from social and economic issues. deindustrialisation
Issues:
It is divided into rich and poor areas, the poorest The environment:
near the centre e.g. Sparkbrook and Aston, and the Some areas have very poor air quality e.g. high
richest in more rural areas e.g. Sutton Coldfield. The levels of nitrogen dioxide produced by burning
average income in Hansworth (poorest area) is fossil fuels. This causes acid rain which can make
£19,000 a year compared to £37,000 in Edgbaston rivers more acidic and harm aquatic life. Many
(richest). More than 100,000 children live in poverty rivers are very polluted from surface runoff from
and many families rely on food banks. Around 6% roads, wrongly connected drains and incorrect
are unemployed - more in poorer areas (10.7% in disposal of waste. It has led to many insects
Hodge Hill) than richer areas (1.6% in Sutton dying - knock on effects. The centre had very little
Coldfield). Crime rates in the centre are high. In 2016 green space, so is less able to absorb
an average of 1100 comes were reported every greenhouse gases. This also increases surface
moth - most communing being anti-social behaviour runoff and flash flooding. Flooding can increase
and shoplifting. The population is ethnically diverse. erosion and deposition of sediment, which can
In 2011 40% of the population were non-white - damage ecosystems. 3.2 million tonnes of waste
13% Pakistani, 9% black or black British. Life is produced per year. Most waste is incinerate or
expectancy is higher in areas with a majority white sent to landfill. Only 25% is recycled.
population. White families are more likely to be
Impact on residents:
homeowners (64% of white people own their home
High levels of air pollution can cause respiratory
compared to 48% Bangladeshis and 29% Black
problems. Air pollution is linked to over 500
Africans. Many ethnic minorities face discrimination
deaths per year. Lack of green space increases
e.g. verbal cause and difficultly finding a job.
levels of obesity (40% of adults claim they would
ATTEMPTS TO INCREASE STABILITY exercise more with green space). Floods damage
Improve transport links: council is expanding properties e.g. June 2016 flood damaged
New Street train station and constructing cycle hundreds of houses, and over 100 families were
lanes to help limit number of cars. evacuated - £50 million worth of damage. Some
parties of Birmingham e.g. Aston have large
Redevelop derelict areas - plans to demolish numbers of derelict buildings.
abandoned buildings and build new ones. In
Eastside they are building areas for residential Since 2004 the population derelict
use as well as museums and art galleries. has increased by 10%. buildings are
Increase green space: council is creating new Redeveloped shopping targets for
parks to limit air pollution, reduce flooding and centre Bullring is the 2nd vandalism
provide habitats for wildlife. most popular in UK. It is
now a major tourist
Improve waste management: e.g. by
destination with 37 million
encouraging composting and expanding
visitors in 2014.
recycling facilities.
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