Study guide
Internal Medicine Notes
- Module
- Institution
- Book
These set of notes provide a thorough description of the main internal diseases, including pulmonology, cardiology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, hematology and more!
[Show more]Preview 4 out of 154 pages
Preview 4 out of 154 pages
Add to cart
Getting your document ready...
Add to cart
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Centranthus_Crossosalarias.macrospilus
Reviews received
Content preview
InternalMedicine
,
, 28. Acute Bronchitis
Definition: Acute inflammation of the bronchi
Etiology
➢ Virus or bacterial infection
➢ Air pollution
Symptoms
➢ Cough (obligatory symptom) dry in the beginning, later with sputum
➢ Fever, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite;
➢ Retrosternal pain during cough as a sign of tracheitis.
➢ Shortness of breath in bronchiolitis
Physical Examination
➢ Intoxicated face if the patient is with fever
➢ Coarse or decreased vesicular breathing with snoring wheezes and bronchi.
➢ Whistling wheezes in spastic bronchitis
Lab Tests
➢ Increased WBC and sedimentation rate
Microbiology
➢ Sputum culture for bacterial infection
➢ Serological test for viral infections
Radiology
➢ Increased lung markings
Spirometry
➢ Restrictive type respiratory failure in bronchiolitis. (Decreased FVC and FEV1,
FEV1/FVC equal or over 70%)
➢ Blood gases hypoxemia often with hypercapnia in bronchiolitis
Complications
➢ Pneumonia
➢ Chronic bronchitis
Main diagnostic tasks besides establishing of the primary diagnosis
➢ To exclude pneumonia with X-ray
➢ To establish the etiology – sputum culture or serological test
➢ To evaluate the respiratory function in the most severe cases – blood gases
➢ In prolonged cases – skin test for allergy
, 29. COPD
➢ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) describes a group of lung
conditions that make it difficult to empty air out of the lungs because the
airways are narrow
➢ Two of these lung conditions are persistent bronchitis and emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Definition: Cough that has lasted for three months in a row during two consecutive
years
Predisposition Factors
➢ Frequent respiratory infections, especially bronchitis and sinusitis
➢ Smoking
➢ Polluted environment
Symptoms
➢ Occasionally slight morning cough during exacerbation
➢ Physical examination, lab tests, microbiology, radiology, spirometry, blood gases in
cases with exacerbation same as in acute bronchitis
Complications
➢ Bronchiectasis
➢ Pulmonary emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
➢ Pneumofibrosis
➢ Possible predisposition factor for neoplasm
Main Diagnostic Tasks
➢ Evaluation of the respiratory function – blood gases
➢ Spirometry
➢ In cases with bronchospasm – skin test for allergens
➢ In cases of exacerbation – the same as in acute bronchitis – etiology and excluding
pneumonia
➢ anamnesis, physical examination, X-ray, evaluation of the respiratory function
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Centranthus_Crossosalarias.macrospilus. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.44. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
13 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now
Recently viewed by you
Essay ·
UNIT 21 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE, 21.4, NUTRITIONAL DIARY AND PLAN P4 P5 M3 D2
Essay ·
Unit 11 Psychological Perspectives
