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Islam, Migration & Religious Pluralism

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Module
A2 Unit 3 - Studies in Religion

Institution
AQA

AQA Religious Studies - Islam - Islam, Migration & Religious Pluralism - Full in depth notes according to the specification, including quotes, key thinkers and everything needed to achieve an A*.

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Religious Studies - Islam Notes for A Level Exam

£ 32.94 £ 20.49 6 items

1. Study guide - Expressions of religious identity
2. Study guide - Islam, migration & religious pluralism
3. Study guide - Good conduct & key moral principles
4. Study guide - God
5. Study guide - Self, death & afterlife
6. Study guide - Sources of wisdom & authority
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Islam, Migration and Religious Pluralism

1. How migration has created multicultural societies, which include Islam, with particular
reference to migration by Muslims into the UK from 1950s onwards
• Absolute position = one that insists that there is a right view and a wrong view, and the two are
mutually exclusive
• Relativist position = argues that the rightness or wrongness of a view depends on where one
stands relative to that view
• Before 18th century the only non-Cristian religion that most Europeans had come into contact
with peacefully was Judaism
• Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims - 8 major crusade ex-
peditions took place
• By the 18th century Europeans knew more about other religions
• The issue of religious diversity became more prevalent in the 20th century with immigration in-
creasing
• Following Indian independence in 1947 many Indians and Pakistanis came to the UK
• UK became multicultural society
• First groups of Muslims to come in significant numbers to the UK came in 18th century and were
sailors recruited on British ships
• Largest group of Muslims in the UK are from Pakistani descent.
• Second largest group are Bangladeshi, they make up 15% of Muslim population in UK
• Somalis make up an estimated 101,000 of the population (figure from 2008), largest Somali
group in Europe
• Nigerian Muslims are concentrated in London and are at an estimated 14000 (figure from 2009)

2. The diversity within the Muslim community in Britain
• Christianity = 59.3% of population - down from 71.8% in 2001
• No religion = 25.1% of population - up 10.3% in 2001
• Islam = 4.8% of population - up 1.8% since 2001

3. Freedom of religion as a human right in European law and religious pluralism as a fea-
ture of modern secular states
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Article 18 = everyone has the right to freedom of
though, conscience and religion; freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom to worship
• European Law = The UDHR article 18 is confirmed and included in ECHR as Article 9
• British Law = Signatory of ECHRand 1988 Human Rights Act also includes freedom of religion
• Britain is pluralist and multiculturalist
• Two issues which have become controversial in UK:
• FGM
• Forced marriage

4. Emphasis on exclusivism; its basis in the Quran 3:85, attitudes within Islam to minority
Muslim groups
• Quran 3:85 “And whoever desires other than Islam as religion - never will it be accepted from
him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers”
• Islam is the one true faith - original and primordial faith
• Quran is final and unaltered word and revelation from Allah
• Certain Islamic nations, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran are more exclusivist towards other reli-
gions than others, such as Indonesia and Egypt
• Surah 5:3 “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed my favour upon you
and have approved for you Islam as religion”
• Previous religions and holy books contained errors and needed to be superseded with a perfect
message
• Exclusivists believe Islam is superior
• All born Muslim - revert not convert
• “There is no compulsion in religion” - Surah 2:256
• First centuries of Islam gave rise to Sunnis and Shias

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