100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
Summary IB Biology Option D: Human Physiology €5,22   In winkelwagen

Samenvatting

Summary IB Biology Option D: Human Physiology

3 beoordelingen
 614 bekeken  15 downloads
  • Vak
  • Instelling
  • Boek

Detailed objective-by-objective summary notes for Option D: Human Physiology for IB Biology SL/HL. Contains information on everything you need to know for option D, according to each understanding, application or skill. Written by a IB HL Biology student who graduated with a 45/45.

Voorbeeld 1 van de 14  pagina's

  Bekijk voorbeeld

Document laden...

mobile-preview
  • Onbekend
  • 5 maart 2019
  • 14
  • 2016/2017
  • Samenvatting

3  beoordelingen

review-writer-avatar

Door: Chusquea_Calloplesiops.altivelis • 6 jaar geleden

review-writer-avatar

Door: Rumohra_Neoglyphidodon.melas • 6 jaar geleden

review-writer-avatar

Door: Leycesteria_Acanthurus.achilles • 6 jaar geleden

avatar-seller
Option D.1: Human physiology – Human nutrition
A balanced diet is essential to human health.

• Understanding: Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body, therefore they have to be included in the diet.

 Nutrient: chemical substance found in foods and used in the human body
 Essential nutrient: nutrient that must be obtained from food (included in diet) as it cannot be synthesized by the body
 Example: water, some amino acids, some fatty acids, vitamins and minerals

• Understanding: Dietary minerals are essential chemical elements.

 Dietary mineral: essential chemical elements (often in ion form) that must be included in diet for use in human body
 Example: sodium, potassium, calcium, iron

• Understanding: Vitamins are chemically diverse carbon compounds that cannot be synthesized by the body

 Vitamins: chemical diverse carbon compounds that cannot be synthesized by the body
 Water soluble vitamin: C, B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12)
 Fat soluble vitamin: A, D, E, K

• Understanding: Some fatty acids and some amino acids are essential.

 Essential fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
 Essential amino acids: less than half (around 9) of the amino acids

• Understanding: Lack of essential amino acids affects the production of proteins.

 Protein deficiency: low consumption of essential amino acids hinder protein production

 Consequences of protein deficiency
 Not enough proteins in blood causes fluid not to be returned
 Fluid accumulate in tissues causing swollen abdomens (kwashiorkor)

• Understanding: Malnutrition may be caused by a deficiency, imbalance or excess of nutrients in the diet.

 Malnutrition: caused by a deficiency, imbalance or excess of nutrients in diet

• Understanding: Appetite is controlled by a centre in the hypothalamus.

 Control of appetite in human in hypothalamus
 Leptin: produced by and secreted from adipose tissues when there is a large fat deposit
 Insulin: produced by and secreted from the pancreas when there is high blood glucose level
 PYY3-36: produced by and secreted from the small intestine when it contains food

• Understanding: Overweight individuals are more likely to suffer hypertension and type II diabetes.

 Overweight individuals with diabetes
 Type II diabetes: caused by body cells not being able to response to insulin
 Overweight individuals are likely to have a high fat or sugar intake
 High sugar intake result in high glucose level causing diabetes

 Overweight individuals with hypertension
 Hypertension: high blood pressure in the blood vessels of the body
 High body mass from overweight individuals cause the cardiac output to increase
 Abdomen obesity can increase vascular resistance

• Understanding: Starvation can lead to breakdown of body tissue.

 Starvation: lack of nutrient intake by the body
 Body first depletes the glycogen storage, then begin to break down muscle tissues to be converted into glucose
 Body tissues are continually broken down as an energy source during starvation

• Application: Production of ascorbic acid by some mammals, but not others that need a dietary supply.

 Ascorbic acid: also known as vitamin C, that is used in the production of collagen fibres and as anti-oxidant
 Production of vitamin C: ascorbic acid can be produced by some mammals but not in others (i.e. humans, guinea pigs)
 Need as dietary supply: the GLO gene in synthesising ascorbic acid can be mutated in various evolutionary history
 Rebound nutrient: in high vitamin C intake, body adjust to high levels and large excretion that is maintained even
after intake levels have dropped, resulting in a loss in availability of body

• Application: Cause and treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU).

 Phenylketonuria (PKU): disease that causes a build-up of phenylalanine in the body causing reduced head and brain growth
 Cause of phenylketonuria: phenylalanine hydroxylase that breaks phenylalanine to tyrosine is not produced

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

√  	Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Stratiotes_Cirrhilabrus.rubriventralis. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,22. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 13 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen

Laatst bekeken door jou


€5,22  15x  verkocht
  • (3)
  Kopen