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Summary Anthropology 206 - Introduction to Archaeology, Chapters 4 & 5 Text Notes (Dr. Lidio Valdez) CA$4.92   Add to cart
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  3. Grant MacEwan University
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  5. Bachelor Of Arts
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  7. Anthropology 206 (ANTH206)

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Summary Anthropology 206 - Introduction to Archaeology, Chapters 4 & 5 Text Notes (Dr. Lidio Valdez)
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A complete, in-depth break down of all the concepts introduced in chapters 4 & 5 in ANTH 206. All notes are neatly categorized and summarized in easy to read sections, and translated into common language for easy learning and understanding.

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  • Chapters 3
  • December 18, 2018
  • 9
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

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Ch. 4-5 TextNotes

Chapter 4 - Archaeological Questions
Introduction: The Subject Matter of Archaeology


experimental archaeology is one of the ways archaeologists use to try answer
questions of past
how was an artifact made? How was a pit used? How was a tomb built?



research design is the overall strategy for answering questions in the past
package of questions, intended methods, research area, planned analysis



Archaeological Theory is important - a scientific approach for a generally accepted
explanation of how things worked.



Ethnoarchaeology is the study peoples by archaeologists intent on gaining
information useful for learning the past



WHAT DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS WANT TO KNOW?

primary unit of analysis in archaeology - culture
culture is the non-biological means of adaptation through passing of
knowledge, language, traditions, intelligence, experiences, and tools.



environment, technology, economy, organization, ideology — focus of
archaeological questions (expressed in objects and architecture)



ENVIRONMENT

essentials for our existence - food, water, raw materials
environment directly relates to society
ex. timber = buildings, tools, firewood etc.

, offers benefits, but also detriments
ex. floods, earthquakes



humans change the environment
climate change



DEMOGRAPHY

paleodemography (prehistoric demography) is the study of past human populations
important characteristics:
population size (the number of individuals)
vital statistics (sex and age distribution, birth/death, migration rates)
geographic extent
population density (number of people per square kilometre)



TECHNOLOGY

interface between human society, environment, material, equipment, techniques, and
knowledge that allow people to convert natural resources to tools, food clothing,
shelter



invention is the creation or development of new ideas and techniques in solving
problems
diffusion borrows from other areas resulting in spread of ideas or techniques from one
group to another
migration (specific kind of diffusion) - foreign people bringing new ideas and material
to an area



ECONOMY

in archaeology, economy is = methods that society uses to obtain food, water, and
resources for maintenance and growth
subsistence = activities and materials people use to feed themselves
foraging, hunting, farming
exchange of items tells us a lot about interaction within and between societies
reciprocity is the exchange of items of equal value
redistribution is movement of goods to select members of society
trade is bartering, selling, buying goods.

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