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A fully typed, 15-page exam review for the Grade 11 Chemistry Ontario Curriculum. Includes all 5 units covered during the year, including detailed diagrams, memorization-based and skill-based concepts. Great for anyone taking the exam this year or next year.

Easy to read, understandable, and concise notes on the Light and Life chapter of BIOL1000. Guaranteed a good grade if you review it consistently.

Concise notes for the "Light and Life" segment of BIOL1000. Easy to follow, understandable, and will guarantee you a good mark if you review it consistently.

This chapter includes a summary of important notes from Oxtoby's "World Religions: Western Traditions" 4th edition, an introductory chapter for Western Religions

This is a full breakdown and semester-long booklet of everything covered in the EMT Cardiology program at SAIT. Including ECG's

Genetic Signatures of Recent Adaption Hallmark of evolution: Increased brain size Mating Mind Hypothesis Modern humans pick their own mates

Evolutionary (Ultimate) Explanations for Why We Get Sick? Antagonistic Pleiotropy between Early- and Later-Life Health Why We Get Sick? Proximate Explanation Ultimate Explanation

Sexual Selection Intrasexually vs Intersexually Selected Traits The Mating Game Mating Preferences in Humans: Many areas of Similarity between Sexes Direct Benefits indirect Benefits Bilateral symmetry

Sex Conjures Up Ideas about Copulation, Reproduction, Males and Females Sex, Recombination, Genetic Diversity Not All Reproduction Involves Sex Sexually Reproducing Species May Be Dioecious or Monoecious Size-Advantage Model of Sex Change Non-Hermaphrodites Also Need to Balance Male and Female Function The First Cells, and the first Eukaryotes, Reproduced Asexually Sex Seems Like a Bad Idea… Mutational Explanation for Sex Lottery Principal: Sex and Environmental Instability Red Queen Pr...

Types of Fitness Cooperation and Conflict Fitness Benefit to Actor Fitness cost to Actor Fitness Benefits to Recipient Fitness Cost to Recipient Prisoner’s Dilemma Outcomes Hamilton's Rule Genetic Conflict: Individuals have overlapping but not identical genetic interests with relative

Sources of Data for Phylogenetic Analyses The Analysis of Homologous Characters Sheds Light on Evolutionary Relationships Morphological Characters Provide Abundant Clues to Evolutionary Relationship Behavioral Characters Are Useful When Animal Species Are Not Morphologically Distinct Molecular Sequences Are Now a Commonly Used Source of Phylogenetic Data Traditional Classification and Paraphyletic Groups The Cladistics Revolution Cladistics Analyses Focus on Recently Evolved Character Stat...

Species Interactions and Community Ecology The CO1 Gene: Barcode of Life Symbiosis: Close Associations Some Perils of Mutualism Types of Defence Eternal Vigilance: Always Be Alert Avoid Detection: Freeze-Movement Invites Discovery Thwarting Attacks: Take Evasive Action Spines and Armor: Be Dangerous or Impossible to Attack Chemical Defence Ranges from Bad Taste to Deadly Earnings Are Danger Signals Mimicry Is Advertising, Whether True or False There Is No Perfect Defence

What Is a Species? The Morphological Species Concept Is a Practical Way to Identify Species The Biological Species Concept Is Based on Reproductive Isolation The Phylogenetic Species Concept Focuses on Evolutionary History Many Species Exhibit Substantial Geographical Variation Maintaining Reproductive Isolation Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms Prevent the Production of Hybrid Offspring Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms Reduce the Success of Hybrid Individuals The Geography of Speciation ...

Life’s Diversity Linnaeus Developed the System of Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus Devised the Taxonomic Hierarchy to Organize Information about Species Phylogenetic Trees Systematists Adapted Linnaeus’ Approach to a Darwinian Worldview A Phylogenetic Tree Depicts the Evolutionary History of a Group of Organisms Phylogenetic Trees Allow Biologists to Define Evolutionary Classifications Monophyletic Taxa Polyphyletic Taxon Paraphyletic Taxon

CONFLICT AND COOPERATION Kin Selection and Altruism Degrees of Relatedness

The Agents of Microevolution Gene Flow Introduces New Alleles into Populations Genetic Drift Reduces genetic Variability within Populations Mutations Are Random and Create Genetic Novelty Natural Selection Shapes Genetic Variability by Favoring Some Traits over Others Non-random Mating Inbreeding Reduces Heterozygosity Sexual Selection Often Exaggerates Showy Structures in Males Maintaining Genetic and Phenotypic Variation Diploid Can Hide Recessive Alleles from the Action of Natural Sel...

Variation in Natural Populations Evolutionary Biologists Describe and Quantify Phenotypic Variation Phenotypic Variation Can Have Genetic and Environmental Causes Population Genetics Evolution Is a Change in Allele Frequencies Population Often Contain Substantial Genetic Variation Genetic Structure of Populations The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Is a Null Hypothesis That Defines a Population That Is Not Evolving

Sex-Linked Genes Chromosomal Mutations That Affect Inheritance Females Are XX and Males Are XY In Both Humans and Fruit Files Human Sex Determination Depends on the SRY Gene Sex-Linked Genes Show a Different Pattern of Inheritance from Autosomal Genes Inactivation of One X Chromosome Evens Out Gene Effects in Mammalian Females Deletions, Duplications, Translocations, and Inversions Are the Most Common Mutations Affecting Chromosome Structure Some Chromosomal Mutations Involve Changes In t...

The Beginnings of Genetics: Mendel’s Garden Peas Later Modifications and Additions to Mendel’s Hypotheses Multiple Alleles, More Than Two Alleles of a Gene Are Present in a Population Incomplete Dominance, Products of Dominant Alleles Do Not Completely Compensate for those of Recessive Alleles Codominance, the Effects of Different Alleles Are Equally Detectable in Heterozygotes In Epistasis, Genes Interact, with the Activity of One Gene Influencing the Activity of Another Gene Polygenic I...

Mechanism of Genetic Recombination Genetic Recombination Occurs in Eukaryotes during Meiosis Random Segregation Random Fertilization Meiosis Occurs at Different Times in Different Organismal Life Cycles Diploid multicellular Haploid multicellular Meiosis Produces Four Genetically Different Daughter Cells

Repair of Damage in DNA Proofreading Depends on the Ability of DNA Polymerases to Reverse and Remove Mismatched Bases A Mismatch Repair Mechanism Corrects Replication Errors That Escape Proofreading Excision Repair Mechanisms Correct Various Kinds of DNA Damage

DNA Structure DNA Replication Repair of Damage in DNA Proofreading Depends on the Ability of DNA Polymerases to Reverse and Remove Mismatched Bases A Mismatch Repair Mechanism Corrects Replication Errors That Escape Proofreading Excision Repair Mechanisms Correct Various Kinds of DNA Damage Replication Errors and Other DNA Damage That Remain Unrepaired Give Rise to Mutations

The Cycle of Cell Growth and Division: An Overview Mitosis and the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Formation and Action of the Mitotic Spindle Cell Cycle Regulation

What Is a Virus? Characteristics if Viruses Viruses Infect Bacterial, Animal, and Plant Cells by Similar Pathways Treating and Preventing Viral Infections Viruses May Have Evolved from Fragments of Cellular DNA or RNA Viroids and Prions are Infective Agents Even Simpler in Structure than Viruses