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Germany (IGCSE Edexcel History 9-1)
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In depth, detailed notes covering events in Germany , encompassing Germany after the end of World War One up to (but not including) the Wall Street Crash. Events include the Treaty of Versailles, hyperinflation, the emergence of the Nazi Party and the Stresemann Era. This applies to the IGCSE Edexc...

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  • June 19, 2019
  • 10
  • 2018/2019
  • Study guide

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Germany 1918-1929




• Germany before 1918
• Germany and WWI
• The German Revolution 1918
• The Spartikist Rising
• The Weimar Constitution
• The Treaty of Versailles
• The Kapp Putsch 1920
• The French Occupation of the Ruhr 1923
• Hyperinflation 1923
• The birth of the Nazi party
• The Munich Putsch 1923
• The Stresemann Era 1924-29
• The failures and successes of the Stresemann Era

, Germany 1918-1929 - Weimar Govt, Ruhr Crisis, Hyperinflation, Munich Putsch


Germany before 1918
• Borders
◦Before 1871, Germany = many different countries.
◦1871: war against France -> Germany united as one country.
‣ Ruled by King of Prussia (biggest state) -> became Kaiser of Germany.
‣ Became German Empire.
• Economy
◦Dominated Europe w/ military + industrial power.
‣ Had fertile land + was rich in natural resources.
‣ Had steel, electrical/chemical goods, iron/coal sources.
◦Strongest industrial power in Europe (close to UK).
◦By 1914, had colonies in Africa + Pacific (started in 1880s).
◦1871-1914: increased overseas trade by 400%.
• Society
◦Second largest population in Europe (after Russia).
◦Flourishing industries in big cities + small farms in mountains.
◦North Germany - many large farms (owned by rich landowners) + almost everyone = Protestant.
◦South Germany - many more Catholics.
◦People could afford heathy diet/comfortable houses.
◦By 1890, had best welfare system in Europe.
‣ British PM impressed by this.
◦Had respectful authority, people very obedient.
◦1/3 of population = under 15 yrs old.
◦By 1914, most received good education.
◦Militaristic society.
◦Stable society.
◦Very patriotic.
• Military
◦Dominated Europe w/ military power.
◦Had large/well trained/well equipped land army.
◦Had a growing navy.
◦Conscription - men age 18.
• Political system
◦Kaiser, his chief minister = Chancellor.
◦Parliament = Reichstag.
◦1890s: Reichstag + Chancellor = not very powerful.
◦Most power belonged to Kaiser.
‣ Could appoint/dismiss Chancellor + dissolve Reichstag.


Germany and WWI
• Wilhelm II = Kaiser before/during WWI (since 1888).
◦Believed in autocracy + complete authority of the Kaiser alone.
‣ Appointed ministers he knew would do what he wanted.
‣ Wanted great power the Constitution gave him.

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